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IRREGULAR PERIODS- WORLDSCIENCE

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   Menstrual Period Considered Irregular;             A normal cycle from the first day of one period to the first day of the succeeding can be anywhere from 21 to 35 days.          To determine whether your monthlies schedule is irregular, count from the last day of your former period and stop counting on the first day of your ensuing. Repeat this for three months. However, you have an irregular cycle, If the number of days between stopping and starting your period is outside of the 21 to 35 days range. Monthlies can also be considered irregular if your cycle length varies by more than 20 days from month to month. Why Do Some Menstrual epochs Grow Irregular? There are multiple variables that can affect the length and timing of your menstrual cycle. Some are redeemable, but others can gesture significant medical issues. Polycystic ovary cycle (PCOS PCOS) :                This metabol...
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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE EXPLAINED -WORLDSCIENCE

     CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE


CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE  DEFINITION :

       coronary artery disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a buildup of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE :

    Coronary artery disease is a condition that develops when there is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and is usually caused by plaque buildup which is referred to as atherosclerosis this reduces the flow of oxygen- rich blood to the heart which has dangerous effects on the cardiovascular system. If  left untreated coronary artery can  result in myocardial infarction and a heart attack.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?

                       Chest pain,

                       Chest tightness,

                       Dyspnea,

                       Diaphoresis,

                       Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulders.

HOW IS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE  DIAGNOSED?

 Diagnosing a patient with coronary artery disease includes a physical exam and looking at their

 lifestyle and medical history, the following test are also used 

                  Electrocardiogram , 

                  x-ray ,

                  Stress test,

                  Cardiac catheterization,

                  Coronary angiography.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE TREATMENT :

 Methods of treating coronary artery disease can be different from patient to patient but in general, the following lifestyle changes are recommended 

                        Quit smoking and tobacco

                         Stop or reduce alcohol consumption

                         Participate in regular exercise and physical activity 

                         keep your body  weight at a healthy level 

                         Eat a  healthy diet  that is low in fat and sodium.

If the condition does not improve  or get worse the following procedure may be indicated 

                         Balloon angioplasty,

                         Coronary artery bypass graft,

                         Enhanced External Counterpulsation.

RISK FACTOR :

                       High blood pressure,

                       High cholesterol,

                       Obesity,

                       Diabetes Mellitus,

                       Physical inactivity,

                       Eating an unhealthy  diet,

                       Drinking too much alcohol,

                       Increased level of stress,


WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?

  Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of plaque in the arteries depending on the arteries affected this can be lead  to stroke, myocardial infarction  or acute limb ischemia. Atherosclerotic plaque formation in the coronary arteries is characteristic of coronary artery disease, progressive condition that causes restricted blood flow to the heart can lead to the formation of a blood clot in the lumen of the artery known as atherothrombosis. This blood clot can grow to future limits or even completely block. Blood flow through the artery potentially resulting in myocardial infarction.

 The degree of stenosis (or narrowing ) of the artery  and characteristic of plaque determine the symptoms that a patient may experience.

HOW WE PREVENT CORONARY ARTERY   DISEASE :

  Prevention is classified into primordial, primary and secondary

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION - This is  community -level intervention to reduce the risk factor and mostly not under the purview of the individual physician.

PRIMARY PREVENTION- Is by controlling the risk factor.

SECONDARY PREVENTION - Treatment to limit disability and recurrence.

WHAT  IS THE MAIN ETIOLOGY FACTOR OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE? 

     The most common cause of coronary artery disease is a vascular injury with cholesterol plaque buildup in the arteries known as atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow occurs when one or more of these arteries becomes partially or completely blocked.

    

       


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